美洲野牛的灭绝、恢复和管理的古基因组学见解
美洲野牛的灭绝、恢复和管理的古基因组学见解
作者： 小柯机器人 发布时间：2026/8/10 9:28:53
本期文章：《科学》：Volume 393 Issue 6811
美国加州大学Beth Shapiro小组在研究中取得进展。他们揭示了美洲野牛的灭绝、恢复和管理的古基因组学见解。2026年8月6日出版的《科学》发表了这项成果。
为了了解当前的多样性，小组对过去约2万年的115个古代野牛和45个现代野牛基因组进行了测序。他们的研究结果表明，过去的野牛种群是相互联系的，而不是结构化的现代牛群。现代木野牛（B. B. athabascae）是一种分布在北方的亚种，携带着20世纪20年代迁移的平原野牛（B. B. bison）的祖先，许多样本中的野牛缺乏牛的祖先。他们的发现揭示了人类对野牛影响的遗产，并强调了古代DNA在指导野生动物恢复方面的适用性。
据悉，到20世纪，美洲野牛（Bison bison）几乎被猎杀灭绝。野牛亚种和牛（Bos taurthem）之间的人类促成的混合，也对它们的恢复和复原力构成了挑战。
附：英文原文
Title: Paleogenomic insight into the collapse, recovery, and management of American bison
Author: Jonas Oppenheimer, Joshua D. Kapp, Molly Cassatt-Johnstone, Samuel Sacco, William E. Seligmann, Holland C. Conwell, Sarah Ford, Cassandra Gunn, Lael D. Barlow, Amy Phillips, Kenneth P. Cannon, Lawrence C. Todd, Spencer R. Pelton, Glen MacKay, Kyle Forsythe, Mark A. Edwards, Mark C. Ball, David R. W. Bruinsma, Jessica Z. Metcalfe, John W. Ives, Robert J. Losey, Tatiana Nomokonova, Tomasin Playford, Chris Widga, Craig M. Lee, Karsten Heuer, Wes Olson, Paul Stothard, John Southon, Donalee M. Deck, Christopher N. Jass, Richard E. Green, Lee C. Jones, Gregg P. Adams, Todd K. Shury, Gregory A. Wilson, Beth Shapiro
Issue&Volume: 2026-08-06
Abstract: American bison (Bison bison) were nearly hunted to extinction by the 20th century. This rapid decline and the fragmented nature of remnant populations pose challenges to their recovery and resilience, as does human-facilitated admixture between bison subspecies and cattle (Bos taurus). To contextualize current diversity, we sequenced 115 ancient and 45 modern bison genomes from the past ~20,000 years. Our results show that past bison populations were connected, in contrast to structured modern herds. Modern wood bison (B. b. athabascae), a northerly distributed subspecies, carry plains bison (B. b. bison) ancestry from 1920s translocations, and many sampled bison lack cattle ancestry. Our findings reveal the legacy of human impacts on bison and highlight the applicability of ancient DNA for guiding wildlife restoration.
DOI: aee4205
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aee4205