生态进化反馈重塑了果园蝇系统的竞争动态
生态进化反馈重塑了果园蝇系统的竞争动态
作者： 小柯机器人 发布时间：2026/8/17 10:12:05
本期文章：《科学》：Volume 393 Issue 6812
美国普林斯顿大学Jonathan M. Levine小组在研究中取得进展。他们发现了生态进化反馈重塑了果园蝇系统的竞争动态。相关论文于2026年8月13日发表于国际顶尖学术期刊《科学》杂志上。
该课题组对果园蝇进行了室外中生态实验，在实验中，该课题组操纵了物种在种间竞争中相互进化的能力。该团队发现了显著的竞争诱导的跨表型的快速进化，这通常在物种间平行转移。这种进化强烈地影响了所有物种对的竞争种群动态，通常会增加稀有物种的丰度，并且在一对中，扭转了丰度等级。这些结果表明，竞争和进化之间的反馈可能是普遍存在的，并维持了生态时间尺度上的物种多样性。
据了解，竞争和进化之间的反馈是物种多样性起源和维持假说的核心。然而，竞争诱导的进化是否足够迅速、一致和强大，以维持生态时间尺度上的多样性，仍未得到解决。
附：英文原文
Title: Eco-evolutionary feedback reshapes competitive dynamics in an orchard fly system
Author: Samuel J. Leonard, Mulin Huan, Neha Viswanathan, Austin Kerker, Paul Schmidt, Jonathan M. Levine
Issue&Volume: 2026-08-13
Abstract: The feedback between competition and evolution is central to hypotheses about the origin and maintenance of species diversity. Yet, whether competition-induced evolution is sufficiently rapid, consistent, and strong to maintain diversity on ecological timescales remains unresolved. We conducted an outdoor mesocosm experiment with four pairs of orchard fly species in which we manipulated species’ ability to evolve to one another during interspecific competition. We found significant competition-induced rapid evolution across phenotypes, which typically shifted in parallel across species. This evolution strongly affected the competitive population dynamics of all species pairs, typically boosting the rarer species’ abundance, and in one pair, reversing the abundance hierarchy. These results suggest that feedback between competition and evolution may be common and maintain species diversity on ecological timescales.
DOI: aee8723
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aee8723