鼠耳蝠基因组揭示的长寿与病毒驱动适应新见解
鼠耳蝠基因组揭示的长寿与病毒驱动适应新见解
作者： 小柯机器人 发布时间：2026/8/27 22:00:44
本期文章：《自然》：Online/在线发表
2026年8月26日，法国里昂大学Lucie Etienne等科学家在《自然》发表研究，揭示了鼠耳蝠基因组中长寿与病毒驱动适应之间的演化关联。
鼠耳蝠属（Myotis）是蝙蝠中最大的分支之一，在哺乳动物中展现出最为极致的寿命变异，同时具有独特的病毒耐受和免疫防御适应性。在此，为了研究这些表型的演化机制，研究人员为8个亲缘关系密切的鼠耳蝠物种建立了细胞系和近乎完整的基因组组装。通过对全基因组正选择扫描、结构变异分析和原代细胞功能实验，研究人员识别出与长寿、癌症抵抗和病毒互作相关的适应模式。他们发现，与其他所有哺乳动物相比，鼠耳蝠对DNA病毒和RNA病毒表现出不同的适应模式：蝙蝠在与DNA病毒互作蛋白相关的基因上存在全基因组范围的正选择过度富集，而在与RNA病毒互作蛋白相关的基因上则表现出更高的拷贝数变异率。对鼠耳蝠特有的关键免疫因子EIF2AK2（也称为PKR）重复事件的表征揭示出多个古老的跨物种分离型拷贝数多态性。研究人员表明，鼠耳蝠中反复出现的长寿演化与癌症通路中的正选择相关，并证明了长寿命的鼠耳蝠（Myotis lucifugus）原代细胞对DNA损伤具有独特的反应。总之，研究结果提示，蝙蝠非凡的长寿和免疫力可能通过病毒和衰老相关疾病的多效性适应而相互关联。
附：英文原文
Title: Insights into longevity and virus-driven adaptation from Myotis bat genomes
Author: Vazquez, Juan M., Lauterbur, M. Elise, Mottaghinia, Saba, Gaucherand, La, Maesen, Sarah, Singer, Michael, Villa, Sarah, Bucci, Melanie, Fraser, Devaughn, Gray-Sandoval, Genavieve, Haidar, Zeinab R., Han, Melissa, Kohler, William, Lama, Tanya M., Le Corf, Amandine, Loyer, Clara, McMillan, Dakota, Li, Stacy, Lo, Johnathan, Rey, Carine, Capel, Samantha L. R., Slocum, Kathleen, Sui, Melissa, Thomas, William, Tyburec, Janet Debelak, Brem, Rachel, Miller, Richard, Buchalski, Michael, Vazquez-Medina, Jose Pablo, Pfeffer, Sbastien, Etienne, Lucie, Enard, David, Sudmant, Peter H.
Issue&Volume: 2026-08-26
Abstract: The genus Myotis is one of the largest clades of bats, and it exhibits some of the most extreme variation in lifespans among mammals, alongside unique adaptations to viral tolerance and immune defence. Here, to study the evolution of these phenotypes, we generated cell lines and near-complete genome assemblies for eight closely related Myotis species. Using genome-wide screens of positive selection, analyses of structural variation and functional experiments in primary cells, we identify patterns of adaptation contributing to longevity, cancer resistance and viral interactions. We demonstrate distinct modes of adaptation to DNA and RNA viruses compared with all other mammals, with bats exhibiting genome-wide over-representation of positive selection for DNA-virus-interacting proteins and elevated rates of copy-number variation for RNA-virus-interacting proteins. Characterization of Myotis-specific duplications of the key immune factor EIF2AK2 (also known as PKR) reveals multiple ancient segregating trans-species copy-number polymorphisms. We show that the recurrent evolution of longevity seen in Myotis is associated with positive selection in cancer pathways, and demonstrate a unique response to DNA damage in primary cells of the long-lived Myotis lucifugus. Together, our results suggest that bats’ remarkable longevity and immunity are linked through pleiotropic adaptations to viruses and ageing-related disease.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10932-7
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10932-7