多界癌症微生物群的生物多样性和生物地理学
多界癌症微生物群的生物多样性和生物地理学
作者： 小柯机器人 发布时间：2026/5/6 15:40:08
本期文章：《细胞》：Online/在线发表
丹娜-法伯癌症研究所Matthew Meyerson课题组取得一项新突破。他们的最新研究提出了多界癌症微生物群的生物多样性和生物地理学。这一研究成果于2026年5月5日发表在国际顶尖学术期刊《细胞》上。
课题组人员建立了宿主减除和分类管道，并对其进行基准测试，以识别全基因组测序数据中的微生物群，并将其应用于来自英国100,000基因组计划的16,369个高深度肿瘤全基因组。在去污后，大多数癌症类型的微生物特征与背景无法区分。
然而，在口腔消化系统肿瘤中，该课题组研究人员检测到多界多微生物群落，包括细菌、真菌、病毒、古细菌，在某些情况下，还有毛滴虫，一种原生动物寄生虫。这些群落因肿瘤部位和亚型而异，微卫星不稳定和聚合酶ε (POLE)/聚合酶δ (POLD1)突变肿瘤的微生物定植增加，在口腔消化系统癌症中观察到微生物负荷与肿瘤突变负荷之间的相关性。这种分析有助于解决泛癌症微生物结构，并将肿瘤微生物组与宿主表型和肿瘤基因组背景联系起来。
据悉，微生物是肿瘤微环境的重要组成部分，但相互矛盾的报道使微生物在癌症类型中的流行程度尚不清楚，因此需要更先进的方法来表征肿瘤相关微生物组。
附：英文原文
Title: Biodiversity and biogeography of the multi-kingdom cancer microbiome
Author: Anders B. Dohlman, Robin Mjelle, Henry M. Wood, Kevin Jiang, Alaina Shumate, Iris Lee, Gianmarco Piccinno, Garazi Serna, Abdul-Rakeem Yakubu, Paolo Nuciforo, Phil Quirke, Curtis Huttenhower, Nicola Segata, Matthew Meyerson
Issue&Volume: 2026-05-05
Abstract: Microorganisms represent an important component of the tumor microenvironment, but conflicting reports have left the extent of microbial prevalence across cancer types unclear, necessitating more robust methods for characterizing tumor-associated microbiomes. We built and benchmarked a host-subtraction and classification pipeline to identify microbiota in whole-genome sequencing data and applied it to 16,369 high-depth tumor whole genomes from the UK 100,000 Genomes Project. After decontamination, microbial signatures were indistinguishable from the background in most cancer types. However, in orodigestive tumors, we detected multi-kingdom polymicrobial communities, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and, in some cases, Trichomonas, a protozoan parasite. These communities varied by tumor site and subtype, with increased microbial colonization of microsatellite-instable and polymerase ε (POLE)/polymerase δ (POLD1)-mutated tumors, supported by a correlation between microbial load and tumor mutation burden observed across orodigestive cancers. This analysis helps to resolve pan-cancer microbial structure and links the tumor microbiome to host phenotype and tumor genomic context.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2026.04.015
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(26)00440-X